9. INDIA: UNION BUDGET 2005-2006

9

UNION BUDGET 2005-2006

      Finance Minister of India Mr. P.Chidambaram presented the Union budget for 2005-2006 on 28 February 2005.

     The receipts and expenditure are given below.

   Total Receipts = Re.3,63,200 crore, Total Expenditure = Re.5,14.344 crore and Fiscal Deficit (Borrowings) = Re.1,51,144 crore. 

     As usual, the budget was silent about the money in the Provident Fund (PF) and in the financial institutions.

    There was no proposal for any large scale investments.

    An outstanding future of the budget was the commitment to construct 60 lakh houses in one year.   The allotment for mid-day meal scheme was increased from Re. 1490 crore in 2004-2005 to Re.3142 crore..

   The above two measures have a touch of humanity, as these commitments seek to eliminate the problem of shelter and malnutrition of children.

 Another salient future of the budget was the 0.1% Cash Transaction Tax (CTT) for cash withdrawals exceeding Re.10,000/- per day from banks.

       The present writer requested the Government to impose transaction tax on 21-12-2001 through letter No.4. Later, the importance of this tax was mentioned in several letters.

     Surprisingly, The New Indian Express welcomed budget proposals. An editorial said that the budget proposals were “new and will take budget making in India to new heights”.

    The Business Line opposed budget proposals. Thus, Mr.S.Gurumurthy, in a lengthy article in The Hindu on 2 March 2005, said that the budget was framed to deceive even the intelligent.

       Seminars were conducted in colleges to discuss the importance & consequences of transaction tax.

    Addressing a meeting organized by the Madras Chamber of Commerce and Industry on the implications of the budget, on 2 April 2005, Mr. Yashwant Sinha, former Union Finance Minister, described the Cash Transaction Tax (CTT) as a “mad tax”. He wanted to completely eradicate the CTT. He said that CTT had no relevance to India at all.

     Thus the CTT was withdrawn in the budget for 2006-2007.

  The Government did not construct houses as promised in the budget. What happened to the allotted money was not revealed.

8. Dr. MANMOHAN SINGH AND TSUNAMI

 8

Dr. MANMOHAN SINGH AND TSUNAMI

     The biggest earthquake of the world in 40 years hit Sumatra in Indonesia on 26 December 2004 unleashing a “tsunami” that crashed into Indonesia, Malaysia, India and Sri Lanka. Many other countries were also affected.

   It washed away the coastal belt, particularly eastern coastal belt, in India. It killed about 15,000 people in India alone.

   The UN immediately sent a disaster assessment and coordination team to the Asian region. 

    Within no time, India announced an assistance of Re.100 crore to Sri Lanka besides sending relief teams to it.

    Relief teams were sent to Indonesia also.

      People in Europe - Pope John Paul II included- stopped work on 5 January 2005 and stood still for three minutes as a mark of respect to the victims of the disaster. Special prayers were also held in all places of worship throughout Europe.

      The President of USA, Mr. George Bush, along with his wife, Laura, and former Presidents George H.W.Bush and Bill Clinton visited Indian Embassy on 3 January 2005 and signed a condolence book.

          Many countries announced disaster assistance to India.  India politely declined it.  Many felt that the Prime Minister of India had listened to a hidden force before announcing this. Some people in India felt that he had taken a wrong decision.

     The people in France could not digest the real reasons for the refusal to accept contributions. However, the Defence Minister of France, Mr. Mechelle Alliot Marie, welcomed the decision of India.  The President of France, Mr. Jacques Chirac, expressed his willingness to work with India with regard to tsunami disaster.

       Japan came forward to help construct an early warning system based on water pressure to Asian nations.
     The Prime Minister of Canada, Mr. Paul Martin, paid a visit to India mainly to convey his condolences and very deep regret on the deaths and devastation caused by the tsunami. During his visit, India and Canada agreed to develop a tsunami early warning system.

V. Sabarimuthu is talking to a tsunami victim in the Lekshmipuram college relief camp

      Prime Minister Manmohan Singh wanted the people to send money to the Prime Minister’s Relief Fund. Further, the voluntary agencies were permitted to receive disaster assistance from foreign countries till March 2005. 

       A voluntary organization, for public consumption, pledged to adopt all children, who lost both their parents. On 31 December 2004, the Governments of Kerala and Tamil Nadu and even the Government of India talked of adopting children whose parents were no more. But, nothing materialized.  

            On 29 December 2004, a Union Minister said that money would not be a constraint for relief works.     He said that houses would be constructed for the victims.

    The political leaders demanded the Union Government to construct houses for the victims.

      On 2 January 2005, leader of the DMK Dr. M. Karunanidhi demanded the Union Government to construct houses to the victims. The public sector TV channel (DD) in its Tamil news bulletin reluctantly reported it. However, the newspapers, particularly the English newspapers, did not publish it.

PMK leader Dr. Ramadhas wanted the Government to prepare a well thought plan to resettle the fishermen.

BJP leader and former Home Minister Mr. L.K.Advani and former Prime Minister Mr. H.D.Deve Gowda,  during their visit to Lekshmipuram College -(a private college where this writer was working)- refugee camp too wanted the Government to construct strong houses.

Several other leaders also might have demanded houses for these foreign exchange earners.

The present writer wanted the Government to construct houses as was done for the earthquake victims of Gujarat.

      Simultaneously, the National Bank of Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) announced that it would extend loans for fishermen to buy nets and boats.

      The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) also asked the banks to give liberal loans to fishermen for the construction of houses.

            The announcement of the NABARD and the RBI did not enjoy the support of the Union Cabinet. Apparently, the “think tank” of the industrial houses floated this idea to pre-empt the Government from constructing houses.  

        The public sector TV and the print media did not give sufficient coverage to the construction of houses although the offer of loan was highlighted. This indicated that the industrial houses did not allow the Government to discharge its duty; and that they wanted the money.  

      In contrast, when tragedy struck, former Prime Minister Mr. A.B. Vajpayee said that earthquake resistant houses would be constructed to the earthquake affected people of Gujarat and he completed the work in record time with single-minded devotion.

Here, it appeared that the Government was not free to talk anything contrary to the views of the industrial houses even in the matter of disaster assistance.

 Thus, on 30 December 2004, a  Mr. Colin Gonsalves in “The New Indian Express”  said that though the right to housing in India is a fundamental right, the Government had demolished thousands of houses without relocating even one fifth of the residents. The paper cited the Yamuna Pushta demolition to make way for a tourist complex, the Lajpat Nagar demolition for the installation of a statue of Lala Lajpat Rai and Mumbai demolition for no reason. The message was that a Government that was delinquent in providing shelter to demolition victims could be excused if it failed to construct houses for the tsunami victims. The article was conspicuously silent about the reconstruction work undertaken in Gujarat.

In fact, the mass media did not give any importance to the demands of the political leaders. The newspapers, particularly the English newspapers, stopped publishing their words. In fact, the media sent everyone into oblivion in this matter after a few days.

As if to support the media, a prominent leader of the BJP, Mrs. Susma Swaraj, after an All Party Meeting on Tsunami on 9 January 2005, said that the Government should concentrate on installing an early warning system for tsunami rather than spending Re. thousands of crore on rehabilitation.Ironically, she said this while her party was organizing several public meetings in tsunami-affected areas demanding full relief to the victims of the tsunami disaster.

      The Prime Minister, during his visit to West Bengal, on 11 January 2005, praised the media for its coverage of the tsunami disaster and thus he obeyed them.

Ultimately, the Union Government did not bother to construct houses for them as was done in the case of the earthquake victims in Gujarat. The construction of the houses for the tsunami victims was left to the charity of voluntary organization and the private individuals in India.

 Noticing the interest taken by the voluntary organization,  Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, insinuated that the State Governments could convert the disaster into opportunity.

Had the Government been free, the tsunami victims would have got better relief. Thus, even in this matter, the will of the industrial houses alone prevailed. 

Thus, on one side the Union Government refused to accept assistance from other countries and on the other side it wriggled out from doing any relief work directly.

Here, the media worked against the ideal of common good even in the case of giving relief to Tsunami victims. They concertedly worked to deny tsunami threat-free houses.

The government finally allotted Re.2700 crore for rehabilitation. This amount was for subsidies and for giving loan. No money was allotted for the construction of houses. It should have allotted not less than Re.27000 crore for the construction of houses alone.

Thus the government distinguished between citizen, and citizen even in the matter of natural calamities.

Evidently, the industrial houses – and not Prime Minister Manmohan Singh –pulled the shot in this matter.

V. Sabarimuthu

7. INDIA: DISINVESTMENTS

7

7

DISINVESTMENTS

 Dr. Manmohan Singh Government did not expose any corrupt deed of the previous Government.

The new Government, on 2 June 2004, decided to reduce the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the Delhi and Mumbai airports from the 74 percent decided by the previous Government to 49 percent. A Union Minister described this as restructuring and not privatization. Later, the Government privatized the above two airports. This proved that the Government - in bad faith - enacted a drama to give the airports to private parties.

A private company, on 8 June 2004, requested the Union Government to sell the 49 % residual shares in the BALCO to its buyer. It must be noted that the previous government had either ignored or turned down this request because of the fear of violating the guidelines devised for privatization.

Now,  the newspapers demanded the Government to privatize the MTNL and BSNL - the two public sector telephone companies - to save them from competition. They cautioned that the cost of his delay would run into Re. trillions.

 The papers said the above to usurp the MTNL, BSNL and the other Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs.) The truth was that the private telephone companies flourished through the aid of the MTNL and the BSNL.

The Government, on 7 October 2004, sold 8.6583 crore shares of the NTPC. None in India uttered even a word against it. The Left parties did not open their mouth. However,  Mr. V. Sabarimuthu – the author of this book-  submitted to His Excellency the President of India that  the Government gave the shares of the PSUs to some people and bullets to the people of the North-East.  

                      

The newspapers now said that the act of offloading the shares of PSUs in the lines of the NTPC had eminent sense and challenged the Government to divest the shares of other PSUs.

 They indirectly ridiculed this writer saying that even lower division clerks in India would get the Nobel Prize for their ignorance of economics.

The government, on 20 October 2004, hiked the FDI cap for domestic airlines from 40 to 49 percent.

             In December 2004 a private company confessed that it had picked up substantial stake in the public sector ONGC public issue through the aid of some unknown companies. The company disclosed that it would benefit from any gains that would come through those investments. This showed that some companies- not the public or people- cornered the public issues of the PSUs by simple manipulations. Obviously, the NDA Government had sold the shares of the PSUs in naked selfish interests to the detriment of 1000 million people. Thus the premonition of this writer is proving correct.

       The Economic Times, on 5 January 2005 reported that the public issue of Dena Bank was oversubscribed by 12 times. The bank sold eight crore shares of Rs.10/-each at a premium of Rs.17/-. Thus, despite several letters, the Government sold the shares of a nationalized bank to the enlightened people of a few States and sidelined the so-called illiterate people of many States.

       On 22 February 2005, Mr. S.S.Kohil, CMD, Punjab National Bank, the third biggest bank in India, said that the public issue to sell eight crore-equity shares of his bank would start on 7 March 2005. Later, there were reports that the issue was oversubscribed by twelve times. Then, why did the banks advance money to buy its shares? Is it not misuse of official power?

          The Business Line on 24 February 2005 reported that Bank of Punjab (not Punjab National Bank) issued about 18.78 per cent equity shares to four investors including The Bank of Nova Scotia, Canada and Bharti Enterprises Pvt. Ltd. at a price of Re. 38/- per share aggregating Re. 92 crore. The media  did not disclose the reasons for selling the shares or the abstract code followed to sell them. 

   

             The second public offering of Punjab National Bank (PNB) was oversubscribed by over two times within minutes of its opening on 7 March 2005.There were reports that one or two other nationalized banks advanced money to some favoured people to buy the shares of the PNB. Thus one Public Sector bank sold its shares and another Public Sector bank gave money to selected people to buy the shares. It is illegal and unconstitutional as it is arbitrage trading. It is like PNB itself giving money to enable the buyers to buy its own shares. 

          In the meantime, the Union Government handed over the new international airport at Hyderabad to the GMR , a private company. With regard to this decision, Mr. Penumalli Madhu and Mr. Babu Rao, two CPI (M) Members of Parliament from Andra Pradesh said, “1. The present airport is sufficient for the next 12 years. 2. The Airport Authority of India (AAI) had paid 90 crore for further expansion and rehabilitation. 3. The AAI had spent Re. 800 crore for expansion. 4. The builder would spend only Re.250 crore while the Government would arrange Re. 450 crore as soft loan, Re 250 crore as Government grant and Re.50 crore as grant from the AAI. 5. The builder is also granted 500 acre of free land and 6. The existing airport at Begumpet must be closed down within three years by which time the Shashabad Airport would be operational. The Hindu mentioned these points on 16 March 2005.

     The above paper did not publish the crucial point that the new builder would offer 10 per cent of its share to mobilize Re. 10,000 crore from the market and the financial institutions would be asked to buy the shares thereby leading to economic deprivation all over India.

           The Business Line on 26 April 2005 reported that the public issue of Oriental Bank of commerce (OBC), a Public Sector Bank, was oversubscribed on the first day of its opening itself.

  

Now, The Hindu reported that the 17.5 acre Mumbai Textile Mills   belonging to the National Textile Corporation was sold for Re. 702.2 crore to the Delhi based DLF group. At the same time, Apollo Mills, another NTC Mill, was sold to Loda group of developers for Re.180 crore. The paper said that the bids for other NTC Mills as well as Kohinoor Mills would be opened by the end of July 2005. No one opposed these sales. No one was opposing the impending sales either. As there was no discussion before or after the sales, no one was in a position to say that the Government was flouting public opinion. When there is no public opinion, nothing would restrain abuses of power!

Notwithstanding the 52 letters, the Government sold another 9 acre Mill belonging to the NTC for Re. 441crore on 21 July 2005 to a company connected with the former Union Minister for Industries and Lok Sabha Speaker Mr. Manohar Joshi who had a net asset of Re.2.5 crore while joining the Union Cabinet.

 Tender for the NTC Mill, Elphinstone Mill, acquired by the Government in 1983 as a sick Mill could not be opened because the sale was challenged by its former owner. The unconstitutional nature of the sale could be discerned. In fact, the land belongs to the people.

6. MANMOHAN SINGH: THE SPEECHES

 6

THE SPEECHES

     THE SPEECHES IN 2004

           I. After assuming power Prime Minister Manmohan Singh asked the industrial houses not to utilize him as the cheque-spinning machine.

      II. On 24 August 2004,  Prime Minister Manmohan Singh promised to end the tyranny of the investigation agencies.

He said, “1.There must be a code of ethics for all individuals in public life.

2. The investigation agencies should not adopt investigative procedures that killed management initiative and stunted individual enterprise and risk-taking.

3. Management is an art and not science.

4 The art of management required individual initiative, creativity and willingness in the larger interest of the enterprise.

5. The Government could not depend purely on individual ethics or public opinion to deal with the malaise of corruption.

6. There had been a spurt in economic offences such as financial frauds.

7. A strong link had developed between economic offences and the anti-social and terrorist organizations.

8. The criminals could hide anywhere in the world.

9. One is living with a world of great uncertainty in public life and as such honest mistakes could be made. Therefore, the investigation agencies must distinguish between “honest mistakes” and “wilful defiance” of the rule of law”.

  

III.   Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, on 6 October 2004, said, “1. Those who generate wealth are worthy of the nation’s respect. 2. Corruption in public life is another evil and 3. The tax system led to harassment and delays.”

       IV.  In connection with the “Teachers Day”,  Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said, “ The teachers are the builders of the Nation. I was a teacher.  I came to politics by accident.

V.   Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on, 12 September 2004, sent a circular to all ministries requesting them not to air out any policy decision without his approval. On the next day, he told the officials and Ministers that 2004 was not 1991.

VI.  Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, on 15 September, 2004 said, “ I am concerned about tackling issues like corruption and speeding up economic reforms”.

VII. On 18 September 2004 inaugurating the third Conference of Chief Justices and Chief Ministers,  Prime Minister Manmohan Singh urged the judiciary to do some soul searching.

VIII. On 19 September 2004,  Prime Minister Manmohan Singh  said that public functionaries including him should be brought under the ambit of a new law.  He promised that the UPA Government would enact this Act and the Freedom of Information Act as per the Common Minimum Programme (CMP) of the UPA. 

            IX. A meeting of the Secretaries of various ministries took place in October 2004. 137 Secretaries attended the meeting. In the meeting,  Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said,: 

“1. Civil Service must be more accountable, effective and transparent.

2.You must work without fear or favour. 

3. You must be innovative and produce results.

4. If you have any problem, you can approach me 

5. You must address the problems in the North-East, Kashmir and militancy affected areas sensitively”.

            X. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on 3 November, 2004 said that reservation would not be imposed on the private sector.

XI.          Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, on 14 November 2004 said, “The time is ripe to heal the wounds of the Kashmiris. They have suffered a great deal due to militancy during the past decade. I hope that my impending visit to Jammu and Kashmir would start a new chapter of peace”.

           XII.  On 21 November 2004, at Assam,  Prime Minister  Manmohan Singh said,  “I  request  the militant people to come to the negotiation table. There is nothing that could not be solved through dialogue. Human knowledge is growing in an unprecedented pace. The power flowed from ballot box and not through the barrel of the gun”.

SPEECHES IN 2005

         I. On 12 February 2013, Prime Minister Mammohan Singh ascribed corruption to over-regulation. Again on the same day, he said that no political party in India was free from black money.

           II. On 25 February 2005,  Prime Minister Manmohan Singh at a function in New Delhi talked about the virtues of socialism, equality, federalism, pluralism, unity and even rule of law.

          III.  Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, on 30 April 2005, said, “ The laws and judgements did not help the Scheduled Tribes and the backward classes. I assure that the interests of the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and the backward classes in the “Temple of Modern India”  will be protected”.

IV. The Prime Minister of India, on 16 May 2005, said that his Government gave the weaker sections of society a new sense of belonging and ownership in the destiny of the nation. He said that he brought to the nation the economics of equity. He narrated the steps taken to empower the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes, minorities, women, children, the disabled and the senior citizens. He considered this as the most important achievement of his Government. He awarded to himself 60 percent on his performance.

V. At a function held on 22 May 2005 to celebrate the completion of one year of UPA Government in office, Prime Minister said, “The people of the country are impatient for change, impatient for a better quality of life, impatient for new opportunities. We will be failing them if we do not think out of the box and act with courage. Bold initiatives are called for in the economic front. The challenge before us is to combine the economics of growth with the economics of equity and social justice”.

VI.  On 28 May 2005  Prime Minister  said that the government was committed to the Common Minimum Programme (CMP) of the UPA. He added that the differences with the Left parties would be sorted out.

The two-day National Development Council (NDC) meeting was held at Delhi on 27, 28 June 2005. All Chief Ministers attended the meeting. On that occasion the Prime Minister said,

“1. A candid review of the economic policy would be carried out.

2.A scheme would be devised to lessen the debt burden of the States.

3. Importance would be given to public- private partnership for the development of infrastructure.

4. The government after reducing its role as licensor or controller in many sectors was assuming the role as an umpire. 

5. There must be a “minimum security of tenure” to the IAS officers”.

On the same day, the Prime Minister, on his way to the USA, said that he would safeguard the interest of the nation till the end of his life.

5. INDIA: STOCK MARKET

5

THE STOCK MARKET

       The Initial Public Offering (IPO) of a private company, on 30 July 2004, was subscribed 8 times. 60 % of the offer was reserved for Qualified Institutional Bidders (QIB). The Foreign Institutional Investors (FII) limit in the company was 24%.

     Individuals were given Re.10 lakh each from banks to buy shares. Exploiting this some might have availed themselves of the loan from different banks.

      Some newspapers, on 14 August 2004, reported that $450 to $ 500 million of foreign money would flow into India to buy the shares of a private company. They said this to enable some companies to take money abroad for acquisitions.

     A big private company came out with a public issue in the last week of July 2004. The LIC and the nationalized banks released a huge amount of money to the public to buy its shares.

   On 23 July 2004 the Union Government gave a loan of Re. 362 crore at 6.1% interest to the Unit Trust of India (UTI) for meeting the shortfall in its assured return schemes.

       However, a newspaper said that the Indians used pen and not sword to argue against foreign investments. The paper in another place said that enemy was within, and it was going to be more difficult to engage.

        

On 27 September, 2004 an Indian company listed its securities on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). It was the first Indian Engineering Company to list its securities on the NYSE.

The initial public offering (IPO) of Jet Airlines on 18 February 2005 received bids for 7.32 crore shares against the issue size of 1.72 crore. The Hindu reported that the domestic and international institutional investors were actively placing bids and they placed eight times the maximum allowable shares. The bidding price band was Re. 980-1,125 and majority bids were received at the upper end of the price band.

 As in the case of the TCS, the financial institutions released over Re.7000 crore to buy the shares of Jet Airways. The Union Cabinet would not have discussed the pros and cons of buying these shares. It is not clear whether the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs or any Group of Ministers discussed it or not. There were many such committees during the NDA rule to circumvent the Constitution. 
A decision of a Group of Ministers or even the decision of the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs cannot be equivalent to the decision of the Union Cabinet because these Committees and Group of Ministers are at best parts of the Union Cabinet only and the parts can have no real power.

     The New Indian Express on 3 March 2004 reported that Reliance Infocomm sold 86 lakh shares of the ONGC for a value of Re.746 crore through a block deal making a profit of Re.100 crore in less than 18 months. The NDA Government, while selling the shares said that it was selling shares to the public. But what happened? The Reliance cornered it!

As a reply to the letter No.52 dated 22 June 2005, Mr. M.Damodaran, Chairman, Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), on 27 June 2005 said that the SEBI was contemplating strong action against vanishing companies and unscrupulous promoters particularly those companies that amassed crores of rupees from gullible investors on the 1990s primary market boom.

Now, there were reports that the public issue of the Syndicate Bank was oversubscribed by 32 times. The media brigands did not publish the views of the public in this matter.  52 letters also went in vain as the Government rejected the demand to reserve the shares to various States.

4. INDIA; THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE

4

THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE

AND

THE FOREIGN ACQUISITIONS

        In July 2004 some leaders – particularly the leaders of the BJP- demanded the industrial houses to utilize the foreign exchange for starting projects abroad.

        Some newspapers now said that there was no use in accumulating the foreign exchange.

      Thus the industrial houses decided to remove the foreign exchange with the help of the opposition parties and the Prime Minister of India.

     Within a few days, an Indian private company, Tata Sons,  signed an agreement to buy a steel company in Singapore for $486.4 (Re.1313 crore). It said that the acquisition was for its globalization.

On the same day, another Indian private company got the ownership and the management control of a German polyester company. The amount paid was not given.

The above acquisitions were just a beginning of a series of acquisitions.

            Thus, a private company on 1 November 2004, informed its decision to buy  one of the world’s most advanced and extensive submarine cable system, for $130 million (600 crore) subject to the approval of the Government of the USA, India and other countries. The statement said that the acquisition was funded through internal accruals and that the company had formed a special purpose vehicle for that purpose.

     The New Indian Express” on the same day reported that Tata and Reliance were vying with each other to buy the US based Tyco Telecom network which had the largest optic telecom network in the world. According to the paper, Reliance had already acquired Flag Telecom in the US.

      The paper reported that the Tata Sons was flush with funds from the TCS issue and that it was planning to invest 20,000 crore in their telecom business.

        Further, the paper said that Tata was planning to buy Tyco Global Network for $200 million. The paper disclosed that Tata had a subscriber base 5.42 lakh whereas Reliance had 81 lakh. The reports indicated that Tata, apparently, mobilized resources through the TCS public issue to invest abroad.

        The Business Line, on 14 February 2005, reported that the Tata group won the bid to acquire 26 percent stake in South Africa’s Second Network Operator (SNO).

      On 17 February 2005, the same paper reported that that Tata had bought Singapore’s Natsteel Ltd for $ 364.8 million.

             Mr. Ratan Tata said at Chennai that time had come for Indian companies to think differently. He added that cautious movements and incremental improvements had become things of the past. The Hindu reported this on 19 February 2005.

        The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (Assocham), on 3 March 2005, wanted the Government to extend credit to other countries to encourage growth in exports and to increase employment. It also wanted the Government to retire high cost external debt.

       However, the Assocham wanted the Government to invest the foreign exchange in highly rated corporate bonds overseas. This was a ploy to encourage the Government to enter arbitrage trading. This is the reason why only an alert President could save the money in the banks and the foreign exchange.

        The New Indian Express, on 9 June 2005, reported that the RBI Governor has, granted permission to the corporate houses to convert bank funds into foreign exchange to buy assets abroad.

       Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces division of Indian Hotels Company (IHCL) of Tata, on 30 June 2004 took over The Pierre- a 41-story hotel in New York through a contract.

The VSNL, a Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) acquired by Tata, bought Tyco Global Network (TGN), an undersea network, at a cost of $130 million. The management responsibility of TGN will be assigned to the VSNL International, which has offices in Virginia, New Jersey, London, Paris, Mandrid, Amsterdam, Frankfurt, Singapore and Tokyo.

     The Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) having an asset of Re.60,900 crore and the world’s largest steel maker Mittal Group having an asset of Re. 96,800 crore on 23 July 2005 signed an agreement to form two joint venture companies for exploration of oil and gas assets related business abroad. The ONGC Videsh Ltd (OVL)- the overseas arm of the ONGC- and Mittal investment called Sarl, signed the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). As per the agreement, two new ventures called ONGC-Mittal Energy Ltd and ONGC Energy Service were suddenly formed. 98 per cent equity of these companies will be held in proportion of 51 per cent with the OVL and 49 percent with Mittal investment. Financial institutions will hold the remaining two percent equities. Thus the ONGC would have 49.98 percent and Mittal would have 48.02 percent shares. The objective of the former company was acquiring other oil and gas companies and that of the latter was trading in oil and gas besides shipping. Mr. Mittal said that it was his small help to his motherland.

 Later, a ploy was detected in the agreement as the financial institutions could join with Mittal.

.